WATCHMAN WATCHER(PROJECT)

WATCHMAN WATCHER




JIBIN JOSEPH: 08ELN010


ELECTRONICS


WRTORAL LECTURER: Mr. J. MICHAEL RAJ


TEMASEK ENGINEERING SCHOOL


TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC


2008/09(OCTOBER)





ABSTRACT


This project is to develop an efficient mechanism to check whether the watchmen in an establishment is on duty or not and also whether they sleep or not. Nowadays cheating is common almost in all sectors of job. Mainly seen in watch and ward system. There are huge establishments having huge security network. But each staff should be supervised properly for 100% result. This cannot be done by supervisor alone. Here comes a new innovation named 'WATCHMAN WATCHER ' perhaps a lasting solution to increase responsibility of security staff and thereby an efficient watch and ward system.
The 'WATCHMAN WATCHER ' can be conveniently installed in the big industries and establishmanets having huge security network like colleges, government offices etc. and also I can be used in small establishments having one or two security staff like stores warehouses etc.

























ACKNOWLEDGEMENT


In my peregrination towards the completion of my project I praise the ALMIGHTY who take me to the path of success in my endeavor.

I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to my Lecturer Mr.J.MICHAEL RAJ for his valuable guidance. I am greatly indebted to Mr.HORIZON for offering constant encouragement and support throughout my project work. I also thank our laboratory staff Mr.Y.AUGUSTINE for his kind support.

I am thankful to all my friends for their moral support and prayers throughout this project work.



JIBIN JOSEPH























1. I N T R O D U C T I O N



1.1 BACKGROUND




Nowadays cheating is common in almost all sectors of job. This is mainly seen in the
Watch and ward system by the watchmen or security staff. Most of the watchmen are irresponsible in their night duties. Watchmen of big companies, colleges, and government offices have got supervisors to supervise their duties. Even though many problems such as theft robbery are occurring due their inefficiencies. That means a supervisor cannot check the duty of the watchmen completely. He has many limits. In case of small establishments like stores ware houses, ATM centers there are no supervisors to supervise their duties, or it is not able to appoint a supervisor since it will becomes wastage of money for appointing supervisor for a single staff. Watchmen have got habit of sleeping during their night duties. In this case goods in the establishment or the thing they are giving security is not safe. The employer is cheated here. Many big establishments have got a huge security network around it. If a single staff is careless in his duty, it leads to many problems. Many cases such as theft robbery are reported nowadays. This is mainly due to the carelessness and irresponsibility of the watchman. In spite of the tight security the terrorists attacked one of the famous 5 star hotel Taj. Actually the security arrangements are perfect here. But it happened due to the carelessness or inefficiency of the security staff.

The main reason for this activity is that they are well aware of the efficiency of their supervisors. If this activity continues the money given by the employer to the employee will become worthless and the employer is silently cheated here. It becomes worthy only when watchman is responsible in his duty. So, only way to solve this problem is to supervise the watchman all the time. But it is not practical for a supervisor. Here comes the necessity of the watchman watcher. Watchmen watcher is a device used to check whether the watchman in your establishment is on duty or not.And it checks 5-6 times per hour. Number of times the watchman was absent to register his presence will be displayed in a digital display placed outside. It increases the responsibility of the watchman and efficiency of watch and ward department.




1.2 RATIONALE


The main reason to develop this project is to check whether the watchman in an establishment is on duty or not. At present the security supervisors do it. But it is found that it is unsuccessful. Because they also have many limits. And in case of watchmen in small establishments it is not applicable at all. Another way to check watchman is by calling to the telephone in watchman’s post. But it not successful since it doesn’t give 100% surety that watchman is on duty. (If watchman is sleeping or engaged in any other activity he can attend the telephone without any difficulty). So an advanced system should come as an alternative for this problem.

Hence watchman watcher serves the propose. By using the watchman watcher we can reduce the expense, as there is no need of supervisors. It can also ensure that the watchman is doing duty properly (alert) and in turn it leads to satisfaction of the employer. It also makes the money given by employer to the employee worthy. Watchman will be conscious through out his duty, as he is aware of the device watching him. A security supervisor can supervise watchman only 2 or 3 times a night but the watchman watcher can supervise the watchman 5-6 times per hour. It is very useful in big companies and establishments which have huge security network.



1.3 OBJECTIVES


The main objective of the project is to check whether the watchman in an establishment is on duty or not (Mainly during nights).

The other specific objectives of the project are: -

· Increase the responsibility of the watchman.
· Ensure more safety for goods in warehouses stores etc where there is only single security staff and no supervisor.
· To avoid money given to the security supervisors as salary.
· Make watchman conscious through out his duty.
· To reduce theft and robbery which happens due to the carelessness of the watchman
· To increase the efficiency of watch and ward system




1.4 SCOPE


Watchman watcher has very good scope in watch and ward departments and concerned areas in the future. The device is a silent supervisor that checks whether the watchman is on duty or not. In case of small establishments which have only one employee, the employer can directly supervise watchman using the watchman watcher. Since it is not much costly and has no complex functions or mechanism it is very easy to handle (for both, watchman and employer). In spite of the huge security network of the big establishments, many robberies, thefts and other unhealthy things are happening due to improper supervising. That is a supervisor cannot check the watchman’s duty every time. Here comes the necessity of the watchman watcher.

Moreover we can use watchman watcher to increase the responsibility of the watchman. It makes the salary given to the watchman worthy. It makes watchman conscious through out his duty and thereby the watch and ward system is made alert round the clock. Therefore a golden future is awaiting for watchman watcher in security departments. In a short future watchman watcher will replace supervising officers and other expenses for supervising watchman in big companies that have huge security network.























2. P R O D U C T D E S C R I P T I O N




2.1 PHYCICAL DESCRIPTION



Watchman watcher is a device used to check whether the watchman in an establishment is on duty or not. It is a battery powered electronic device. The device mainly includes an Infrared sensor unit, Infrared remote controller, sealed cabinet and a random pulse generator. Infrared sensor is rectangular in shape with 1cm x 2cm diameter. Infrared sensor is visible for watchman that is wall mounted. Infrared remote controller is handheld device which contains a single button. It is a battery powered device. Sealed cabinet consists of Optocoupler, integrated chips (IC), resistors and transistors which form a circuit. Sealed cabinet has locking arrangements. It is to avoid manual resetting of the counter by the watchman. It can be only re-seted by the employer or the concerned persons. A lamp is also placed outside to give watchman visual alert along with the audio signal alert. A digital display of dimension 5cm x 5cm is also placed on the sealed cabinet to show how many times watchman failed to register his presence. Two telephones are needed at both the ends. One at watchman and other master one where the random pulse generator is connected. In case of big establishments having huge security network, one master telephone is a must and telephones in the watchmen’s post can be parallel connected or separate one. It will be better to use parallelely-connected telephone.

Main components of the system are: -

1. Infrared sensor

2. Infrared Remote Controller

3. Optocoupler

4. Random Pulse Generator

5. Dual 7 segment digital display



1. INFRARED SENSOR


Infrared sensor is an electronic device that sense infrared light radiating from object or source such as remote controller etc. in its field of view. All the object emits what is known as black body radiation. It is usually infrared radiation that is invisible to the human eye but can be detected by electronic devices designed for that proposes. The detected signal can be used as a relay for conducting other circuits. Infrared sensor can sense infrared signal from a remote controller which emits infrared rays. This property is used in my project. The sensed signal is used for conducting the Optocoupler




2. INFRARED REMOTE CONTROLLER


A remote controller is an electronic device used for the remote operation of a machine.

The term remote controller can be contracted to remote or controller. It is known by many other names as well, such as clicker and also changer. Commonly remote controllers are consumer Infrared devices used to issue commands from a distance to television or other consumer electronics. Remote controller for these devices are usually small wireless hand held objects with buttons.

Most of these remote controllers communicate to their respective devices via infrared signals. They are usually powered by small AAA or AA batteries. Infrared remote controller used in watchman watcher contains only a single button. By keeping it in the direction of the sensor and pressing it we can send infrared signals to the sensor.

The transmitter usually is a battery-powered handset. It should consume as little power as possible, and the IR signal should also be as strong as possible to achieve an acceptable control distance. Preferably it should be shock proof as well.
Many chips are designed to be used as IR transmitters. The older chips were dedicated to only one of the many protocols that were invented. Nowadays very low power micro controllers are used in IR transmitters for the simple reason that they are more flexible in their use. When no button is pressed they are in a very low power sleep mode, in which hardly any current is consumed. The processor wakes up to transmit the appropriate IR command only when a key is pressed.
Quartz crystals are seldom used in such handsets. They are very fragile and tend to break easily when the handset is dropped. Ceramic resonators are much more suitable here, because they can withstand larger physical shocks. The fact that they are a little less accurate is not important.
The current through the LED (or LEDs) can vary from 100mA to well over 1A! In order to get an acceptable control distance the LED currents have to be as high as possible. A trade-off should be made between LED parameters, battery lifetime and maximum control distance. LED currents can be that high because the pulses driving the LEDs are very short. Average power dissipation of the LED should not exceed the maximum value though. You should also see to it that the maximum peek current for the LED is not exceeded. All these parameters can be found in the LED's data sheet.


3. OPTOCOUPLER

In electronics, an Optocoupler is a device that uses a short optical transmission path to transfer a signal between elements of a circuit, typically a transmitter and a receiver, while keeping them electrically isolated-since the signal goes from an electrical signal to an optical signal back to electrical signal, electrical contact along the path is broken. A common implementation involves a LED and a photo transmitter separated so that light may travel across a barrier but electrical current may not.

When an electrical signal is applied to the input of the optocoupler, its LED light sensor then activates and a corresponding electrical signal is generated at the output. Unlike a transformer, the optocupler allows for a DC coupling and generally provides significant protection from serious over voltage conditions in one circuit affecting other.

A common implementation involves a LED and a phototransistor, separated so that light may travel across a barrier but electrical current may not. When an electrical signal is applied to the input of the Optocoupler, its LED lights, its light sensor then activates, and a corresponding electrical signal is generated at the output. Unlike a transformer, the Optocoupler allows for DC coupling and generally provides significant protection from serious overvoltage conditions in one circuit affecting the other.



4. RANDOM PULSE GENERATOR

A random pulse generator is a device which generates pulses randomly. There are many applications for this random pulse generator in electronics. It can be also connected to the telephone lines parallel or other. Here if we give a phone number as an input to this random pulse generator it will automatically make calls to that number randomly. It will not affect the incoming calls to the generated connected telephone. We can also make other outgoing calls from this generated connected telephone without any interference. There is a power switch in the random pulse generator so that we can make use of it whenever we want.



5. 7-SEGMENT DIGITAL DISPLAY

A seven-segment display (abbreviation: "7-seg(ment) display"), less commonly known as a seven-segment indicator, is a form of electronic display device for displaying decimal numerals that is an alternative to the more complex dot-matrix displays. Seven-segment displays are widely used in digital clocks, electronic meters, and other electronic devices for displaying numerical information. A seven segment display, as its name indicates, is composed of seven elements. Individually on or off, they can be combined to produce simplified representations of the Hindu-Arabic numerals. Often the seven segments are arranged in an oblique, or italic, arrangement, which aids readability.
The seven segments are arranged as a rectangle of two vertical segments on each side with one horizontal segment on the top and bottom. Additionally, the seventh segment bisects the rectangle horizontally. There are also fourteen-segment displays and sixteen-segment displays (for full alphanumerics); however, these have mostly been replaced by dot-matrix displays.
The segments of a 7-segment display are referred to by the letters A to G, as shown to the right, where the optional DP decimal point (an "eighth segment") is used for the display of non-integer numbers.
The animation to the left cycles through the common glyphs of the ten decimal numerals and the six hexadecimal "letter digits" (A–F). It is an image sequence of a "LED" display, which is described technology-wise in the following section. Notice the variation between uppercase and lowercase letters for A–F; this is done to obtain a unique, unambiguous shape for each letter..
A seven segmet display can produce output from decmal 0-9. But there are many instants where we have to get output values more than 9 . there we use dual 7 segment digital display. The principle behind both are same.
2.2 PROCESS DESCRIPTION



The system is used to check whether the watchman in an establishment is on duty or not. There is a master telephone in one end to which the random pulse generator is connected. It automatically dials to the numbers which we have given as input. If there is only one watchman in establishment we can connect random pulse generator to the employers telephone, so that he can switch ON or OFF it whenever he needs. In case of big establishments we can connect random pulse generator to the telephone wherever we want.

Watchman is given an audio signal alert by simply ringing (minimum sound) the telephone in the watchman’s post using the random pulse generator connected to the master telephone. The ring from the random pulse generator lasts for only 10 seconds. Ringing exceeding 10 seconds will be another calls to the watchman and he can attend that call.
The telephone lines are connected across Optocoupler through resistor-capacitor combination. The diode in the Optocoupler conducts only during ring pulses. The collector of Optocoupler is normally off and a 5V signal is available here. When the phone rings, the internal transistor of the Optocoupler conducts to cause a high-low transition. This energizes a relay and this relay is used to switch ON the alert lamp. Thus the alert lamp glows. This act as a visual alert signal given to the watchman. The lamp remains ON for duration of 60 seconds soon after the ring tone. The watchman is given an instruction to register his presence by simply make falling the infrared rays from the remote by simply pressing its button by pointing towards the infrared sensor. (With out lifting handset off-cradle of ringing telephone). This is to be done within the time period during which the alert lamp glows. If he fails to it within the permissible time, the system registers his absence by incrementing a count. If he does the count remains unaltered. The count is displayed in the dual 7-segment digital display placed on the sealed cabinet. The count displayed is the number of time which the watchman failed to register his presence. The employer or concerned person can check it periodically and analyze the responsibility of the watchman

Actual working happening in the system can be summarized as,

Initially when the power is switched ON power-on-reset components and display shows ‘0’. Now random pulse generator is switched ON and it automatically calls to the watchman’s telephone. For the first ring the relay energizes and the alert lamp glows. When the alert lamp is off, the counter is incremented by ‘1’.if the watchman focuses the infrared rays on the IR sensor within the glowing time of alert lamp, the counter first counts up and then counts down and finally the display shows ‘0’.this indicates that the watchman is present. If the watchman focuses the infrared rays after alert lamp goes off, up counting takes place and the display shows ‘1’. This indicates watchman is ABSENT.


WORKING OF WATCHMAN WATCHER


Random pulse generator make call to watchman’s telephone
Phone rings
Transistor in the Optocoupler conducts and energizes a relay to glow the alert lamp
Alert lamp glows
IR rays falls on IR
Sensor
IR rays doesn’t falls on IR sensor
Display shows ‘0’
Display shows’1’
WATCHMAN PRESENT
WATCHMAN ABSENT







































INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE



· Insert battery in sealed cabinet (for working of digital display etc).
· Insert AAA battery in to the Infrared remote controller.
· Change battery once in 5 months.
· Don’t place any other objects in front of the infrared sensor.
· Handle remote controller with care. Don’t use it roughly.
· Sealed cabinet must be placed somewhere with care.
· Check whether the display on the sealed cabinet shows zero at every morning.
· Don’t open sealed cabinet with your knowledge.
· Ensure power switch of the random pulse generator is ON.
· Ensure the alert lamp is working.
· Telephone in watchman’s post should have only low volume for its ring tone.


























3. TESTING AND CONCLUSION



3.1 TESTING



Several tests on watchman watcher was conducted to check whether watchman watcher is working properly and to determine its efficiency. The product was tested to find out whether the objectives of the project were met or not. Product testing is essential to ensure the quality and working condition of the product. Every product must be submitted for testing before entering into the market. First infrared sensor and infrared remote controller were tested simultaneously by varying the distance between them. Then the working of the random pulse generator was tested.



3.1.1 TESTING OF INFRARED SENSOR AND
INFRARED REMOTE CONTROLLER


Distance from infrared sensor to infrared remote controller is varied and sensing of the infrared signal by the infrared sensor is tested at normal and different other conditions. Results are recorded in the table.

SL NO:
Condition
Distance from IR sensor to IR remote controller
Test result
(Sensing of IR signal is successful or not)

1.

2.

3.

Normal

Normal

Normal

1 m

3 m

5 m

Successful

Successful

Successful

4.

5.

6.

Rainy

Rainy

Rainy


1 m

3 m

5 m

Successful

Successful

Successful

7.

8.

9.

Stormy

Stormy

Stormy

1 m

3 m

5 m

Successful

Successful

Successful

10.

11.

12.

Snowy

Snowy

Snowy

1 m

3 m

5 m

Successful

Successful

Successful
Table 1.1


3.1.2 TESTING OF RANDOM PULSE GENERATOR

Random pulse generator is another important part of watchman watcher. It is connected to parallel to the telephone. To test random pulse generator, it is connected to the telephone and switched ON for 4 hours. Number of times the random pulse generator dialed to the number in each hour is noted and tabulated.


SL NO

HOUR

Number of times watchman’s phone rung
1

2

3

4

1st

2nd

3rd

4th
6

5

7

6

Table1.2


3.1.3 TESTING OF OPTOCOUPLER AND ALERT LAMP



Optocoupler is another important part of the watchman watcher. Telephone lines are connected to the Optocoupler and it conducts during the ring pulses. It energizes a relay and this relay is used to glow the alert lamp.

So in the system, Optocoupler is working only if the alert lamp glows. So telephone lines are connected to the Optocoupler and alert lamp is also connected. Ring pulses are given to the Optocoupler 5 times and the glowing of alert lamp is checked and recorded in the table.





SL NO

RING PULSE

ALERT LAMP GLOWS OR NOT

TEST RESULT
(Optocoupler is working or not)


1.

2.

3.

4.

5.


Given

Given

Not Given

Given

Given

Glows

Glows

Doesn’t Glows

Glows

Glows

Successful

Successful

Unsuccessful

Successful

Successful












3.2 CONCLUSION



The main aim of the project was to develop a device that checks whether the watchman in an establishment is on duty or not.

The other objectives of the project were: -

· Increase the responsibility of the watchman.
· Ensure more safety for goods in warehouses stores etc where there is only single security staff and no supervisor.
· To avoid money given to the security supervisor as salary.
· Make watchman conscious through out his duty.
· To reduce theft and robbery which happens due to the carelessness of the watchman
· To increase the efficiency of watch and ward system

Most of the objectives of the project were successfully met. Watchman watcher is very useful in very big establishments like companies colleges and many other government offices and also in small-scale establishments such as stores or warehouses. It makes employers money worthy and ensures more safety. It forces watchman to be alert round the clock. In turn it increases the efficiency of the watch and ward system.





















3.3 RECOMMENDATION


It is recommended that: -

· System can be provided with fingerprint analyzer and other modern equipments in future.
· Time sensor can be kept to record the time when the watchman registered his presence.
· In establishments having huge security network, a master computer can be installed in which we get the count on digital display. We should also able to know which watchman was failed to register his presence at that particular time itself.